Method and system for dynamic pool reallocation

ABSTRACT

Dynamic pool reallocation performed by the following steps: (i) defining a plurality of resource pools including a first pool and a second pool, where each resource pool has a plurality of assigned resources; (ii) receiving a plurality of jobs to be executed; (iii) for each job of the plurality of jobs, assigning a respective resource pool, of the plurality of resource pools, to be used in completing the job; (iv) determining a preliminary schedule for executing the jobs on their respective resource pools; (v) determining whether the preliminary schedule will cause any jobs to miss service level agreement (SLA) deadlines corresponding to the job; (vi) executing the plurality of jobs on their respectively assigned resource pools; and (vii) re-assigning first resource from the second pool to the first pool during at least some of the time of the execution of the first job by the first resource pool.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to the field of workloadmanagement, and more particularly to dynamic pool allocation in workloadmanagement.

Workload management is the process of controlling the access to systemresources for the work executing on a set of computer resources (forexample, a mainframe computer). On a typical set of computer resources,many different applications execute at the same time. Typically, workmanagement attempts to accomplish objectives such as the following: (i)execute work with consistent execution times; and/or (ii) allowpredictable access to databases. In some work management systems, asystem administrator classifies work into service classes. Theclassification mechanism uses work attributes like transaction names,user identifications or program names which specific applications areknown to use. In addition, the system administrator defines goals andimportance levels for the service classes representing the applicationwork. The goals define performance expectations for the work. Goals canbe expressed as response times, a relative speed (termed velocity) or asdiscretionary if no specific requirement exists.

A typical problem when dealing with workload management is to keep theexpected deadlines for jobs that are critical for the business. Forinstance, a bank must be sure to process payment orders by a given date.It happens very frequently that critical jobs share the same resourcesas non-critical ones, for instance, the payment order process can sharethe same resources of another process for printing statistical reportsthat are not subject to any particular constraint in time. If theworkload scheduling infrastructure caused the job to start according tothe user's defined schedule, it could happen that the non-criticalreporting process is scheduled to start earlier than the criticalpayment orders process (for instance, reporting is scheduled to start at10.00 AM and order processing at 10.30 AM. In this case, the reportingprocess “steals” resources that could be better used to complete theorder processing on time.

SUMMARY

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is a method,computer program product and/or system that performs the following steps(not necessarily in the following order): (i) defining a plurality ofresource pools including a first pool and a second pool, where eachresource pool has a plurality of assigned resources; (ii) receiving aplurality of jobs to be executed; (iii) for each job of the plurality ofjobs, assigning a respective resource pool, of the plurality of resourcepools, to be used in completing the job; (iv) determining a preliminaryschedule for executing the jobs on their respective resource pools; (v)determining whether the preliminary schedule will cause any jobs to missservice level agreement (SLA) deadlines corresponding to the job; (vi)executing the plurality of jobs on their respectively assigned resourcepools; and (vii) on condition that a first job, of the plurality of jobsand assigned to the first resource pool, will miss an associated SLAdeadline under the preliminary schedule, re-assigning first resourcefrom the second pool to the first pool during at least some of the timeof the execution of the first job by the first resource pool.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram view of a first embodiment of a workmanagement system according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a first embodiment method performed, atleast in part, by the first embodiment system;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a machine logic (for example,software) portion of the first embodiment system;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a second embodiment of a work managementsystem according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a timing diagram showing information that is generated byand/or helpful in understanding embodiments of the present invention;and

FIG. 6 is a timing diagram showing information that is generated byand/or helpful in understanding embodiments of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Some embodiments of the present invention temporarily re-assignresources from one pool to another pool to help ensure the meeting of aservice level agreement (SLA). This Detailed Description section isdivided into the following sub-sections: (i) The Hardware and SoftwareEnvironment; (ii) Example Embodiment; (iii) Further Comments and/orEmbodiments; and (iv) Definitions.

I. The Hardware and Software Environment

The present invention may be a system, a method, and/or a computerprogram product. The computer program product may include a computerreadable storage medium (or media) having computer readable programinstructions thereon for causing a processor to carry out aspects of thepresent invention.

The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that canretain and store instructions for use by an instruction executiondevice. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but isnot limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device,an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, asemiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of theforegoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of thecomputer readable storage medium includes the following: a portablecomputer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), aread-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROMor Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portablecompact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD),a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such aspunch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructionsrecorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. Acomputer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construedas being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freelypropagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagatingthrough a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulsespassing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmittedthrough a wire.

Computer readable program instructions described herein can bedownloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computerreadable storage medium or to an external computer or external storagedevice via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, awide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprisecopper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wirelesstransmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/oredge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in eachcomputing/processing device receives computer readable programinstructions from the network and forwards the computer readable programinstructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium withinthe respective computing/processing device.

Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations ofthe present invention may be assembler instructions,instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions,machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions,state-setting data, or either source code or object code written in anycombination of one or more programming languages, including an objectoriented programming language such as Smalltalk, C++ or the like, andconventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C”programming language or similar programming languages. The computerreadable program instructions may execute entirely on the user'scomputer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone softwarepackage, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computeror entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario,the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through anytype of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide areanetwork (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer(for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example,programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), orprogrammable logic arrays (PLA) may execute the computer readableprogram instructions by utilizing state information of the computerreadable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry,in order to perform aspects of the present invention.

Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference toflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus(systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of theinvention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchartillustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in theflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented bycomputer readable program instructions.

These computer readable program instructions may be provided to aprocessor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, orother programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, suchthat the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computeror other programmable data processing apparatus, create means forimplementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructionsmay also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can directa computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or otherdevices to function in a particular manner, such that the computerreadable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises anarticle of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects ofthe function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram blockor blocks.

The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto acomputer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other deviceto cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer,other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computerimplemented process, such that the instructions which execute on thecomputer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement thefunctions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block orblocks.

The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate thearchitecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementationsof systems, methods, and computer program products according to variousembodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in theflowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portionof instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions forimplementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternativeimplementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of theorder noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in successionmay, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks maysometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon thefunctionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of theblock diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocksin the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implementedby special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specifiedfunctions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardwareand computer instructions.

An embodiment of a possible hardware and software environment forsoftware and/or methods according to the present invention will now bedescribed in detail with reference to the Figures. FIG. 1 is afunctional block diagram illustrating various portions of networkedcomputers system 100, including: server sub-system 102; clientsub-systems 104, 106, 108, 110, 112; communication network 114; servercomputer 200; communication unit 202; processor set 204; input/output(I/O) interface set 206; memory device 208; persistent storage device210; display device 212; external device set 214; random access memory(RAM) device 230; cache memory device 232; and program 300.

Sub-system 102 is, in many respects, representative of the variouscomputer sub-system(s) in the present invention. Accordingly, severalportions of sub-system 102 will now be discussed in the followingparagraphs.

Sub-system 102 may be a laptop computer, tablet computer, netbookcomputer, personal computer (PC), a desktop computer, a personal digitalassistant (PDA), a smart phone, or any programmable electronic devicecapable of communicating with the client sub-systems via network 114.Program 300 is a collection of machine readable instructions and/or datathat is used to create, manage and control certain software functionsthat will be discussed in detail, below, in the Example Embodimentsub-section of this Detailed Description section.

Sub-system 102 is capable of communicating with other computersub-systems via network 114. Network 114 can be, for example, a localarea network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN) such as the Internet, or acombination of the two, and can include wired, wireless, or fiber opticconnections. In general, network 114 can be any combination ofconnections and protocols that will support communications betweenserver and client sub-systems.

Sub-system 102 is shown as a block diagram with many double arrows.These double arrows (no separate reference numerals) represent acommunications fabric, which provides communications between variouscomponents of sub-system 102. This communications fabric can beimplemented with any architecture designed for passing data and/orcontrol information between processors (such as microprocessors,communications and network processors, etc.), system memory, peripheraldevices, and any other hardware components within a system. For example,the communications fabric can be implemented, at least in part, with oneor more buses.

Memory 208 and persistent storage 210 are computer-readable storagemedia. In general, memory 208 can include any suitable volatile ornon-volatile computer-readable storage media. It is further noted that,now and/or in the near future: (i) external device(s) 214 may be able tosupply, some or all, memory for sub-system 102; and/or (ii) devicesexternal to sub-system 102 may be able to provide memory for sub-system102.

Program 300 is stored in persistent storage 210 for access and/orexecution by one or more of the respective computer processors 204,usually through one or more memories of memory 208. Persistent storage210: (i) is at least more persistent than a signal in transit; (ii)stores the program (including its soft logic and/or data), on a tangiblemedium (such as magnetic or optical domains); and (iii) is substantiallyless persistent than permanent storage. Alternatively, data storage maybe more persistent and/or permanent than the type of storage provided bypersistent storage 210.

Program 300 may include both machine readable and performableinstructions and/or substantive data (that is, the type of data storedin a database). In this particular embodiment, persistent storage 210includes a magnetic hard disk drive. To name some possible variations,persistent storage 210 may include a solid state hard drive, asemiconductor storage device, read-only memory (ROM), erasableprogrammable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, or any othercomputer-readable storage media that is capable of storing programinstructions or digital information.

The media used by persistent storage 210 may also be removable. Forexample, a removable hard drive may be used for persistent storage 210.Other examples include optical and magnetic disks, thumb drives, andsmart cards that are inserted into a drive for transfer onto anothercomputer-readable storage medium that is also part of persistent storage210.

Communications unit 202, in these examples, provides for communicationswith other data processing systems or devices external to sub-system102. In these examples, communications unit 202 includes one or morenetwork interface cards. Communications unit 202 may providecommunications through the use of either or both physical and wirelesscommunications links. Any software modules discussed herein may bedownloaded to a persistent storage device (such as persistent storagedevice 210) through a communications unit (such as communications unit202).

I/O interface set 206 allows for input and output of data with otherdevices that may be connected locally in data communication with servercomputer 200. For example, I/O interface set 206 provides a connectionto external device set 214. External device set 214 will typicallyinclude devices such as a keyboard, keypad, a touch screen, and/or someother suitable input device. External device set 214 can also includeportable computer-readable storage media such as, for example, thumbdrives, portable optical or magnetic disks, and memory cards. Softwareand data used to practice embodiments of the present invention, forexample, program 300, can be stored on such portable computer-readablestorage media. In these embodiments, the relevant software may (or maynot) be loaded, in whole or in part, onto persistent storage device 210via I/O interface set 206. I/O interface set 206 also connects in datacommunication with display device 212.

Display device 212 provides a mechanism to display data to a user andmay be, for example, a computer monitor or a smart phone display screen.

The programs described herein are identified based upon the applicationfor which they are implemented in a specific embodiment of theinvention. However, it should be appreciated that any particular programnomenclature herein is used merely for convenience, and thus theinvention should not be limited to use solely in any specificapplication identified and/or implied by such nomenclature.

The descriptions of the various embodiments of the present inventionhave been presented for purposes of illustration, but are not intendedto be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Manymodifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skillin the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.The terminology used herein was chosen to best explain the principles ofthe embodiment, the practical application or technical improvement overtechnologies found in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinaryskill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

II. Example Embodiment

FIG. 2 shows flowchart 250 depicting a method according to the presentinvention. FIG. 3 shows program 300 for performing at least some of themethod steps of flowchart 250. This method and associated software willnow be discussed, over the course of the following paragraphs, withextensive reference to FIG. 2 (for the method step blocks) and FIG. 3(for the software blocks).

Processing begins at step S255, where define pools module (“mod”) 302defines resources into a set of resource pools. The resources mayinclude processor resources, memory resources, data storage resources,memory resources input/output (I/O) resources and/or networkcommunication resources.

Processing proceeds to step S260, where receive jobs mod 304 receives aplurality of jobs to be executed. Although step S260 is shown, inflowchart 250, as a step occurring before the determination ofscheduling, the determination of SLA compliance and the execution of thejobs themselves, it should be understood that, at least in someembodiments, the receipt of new jobs is an ongoing step that continuesto occur in parallel with ongoing scheduling and re-scheduling, ongoingjob execution and ongoing re-assignments of resources to facilitatetimely job execution (as will be further discussed, below).

Processing proceeds to step S265, where schedule mod determines apreliminary pool assignment and a preliminary time period (that is,scheduled time) for each job that has been received.

Processing proceeds to step S270, where SLA mod 308 determines SLAcompliance based upon the preliminary schedule. If there is, or are, SLAcompliance issue(s), then schedule mod 306 determines an adjustedschedule based on the assumption that resources will be strategicallyre-assigned from one resource pool to another resource pool as the jobsare being executed. More specifically, certain jobs will have resourcestemporarily re-assigned to their resource pools so that they finish morequickly and allow SLAs to be complied with. These certain jobs mayinclude: (i) jobs that are determined to be subject to an SLA complianceproblem; and/or (ii) jobs that must be performed before the job with theSLA compliance issue can be executed (for example, jobs using the sameresource pool as the job subject to the SLA compliance issue and arescheduled prior to the job subject to the SLA compliance issue).

Processing proceeds to step S275, where execute mode 310 executes thejobs according to the adjusted schedule on the scheduled resource pools.Any re-assignments of resources in a resource pool will be made byre-assignment sub-mod 312 during execution of the jobs. If a resource isre-assigned from one resource pool to another, some embodiments of thepresent invention will also re-assign the resource back to its originalpool (or another pool where the resource may be helpful for SLAcompliance reasons) after the job(s) causing the initial SLA complianceissues have been executed.

III. Further Comments and/or Embodiments

Some embodiments of the present invention include the followingcharacteristics, features and/or advantages: (i) reconfigure thephysical layer of a work management system to dynamically react to aspecific business need; and/or (ii) evaluate if any non-critical job(sometimes also referred to as “not-critical jobs”), being started,“interferes” with running critical jobs or with critical jobs that willstart after the non-critical jobs starts. The word “interfere” is basedon analysis where an amount of each resource that a given job will needis estimated. Typical resources are (central processing unit) CPU usage,peak memory, bytes transferred over the networks, file system I/O(input/output), or physical resources (tape, printer, etc.). In order tohave the mechanism work some embodiments include a component to estimatethe duration of each job (that can be done by doing a forecast statingfrom the historical duration of that job stored in a database) and foreach job (in similar way) estimate the amount of required resources.Based on such data the logical static definition of system groups willbe updated in order to react to specific resource request affecting thesuccessful completion of the scheduling plan.

Some embodiments may have one, or more of the following features orcharacteristics: (i) profiling of both job and resources based on CPU,I/O, memory, network usage; (ii) extension of the algorithm to an“independent” plan that could be executed by third-party schedulingsolution on the entire system; and/or (iii) analyze both the jobs with aSLA (service level agreement) and the successors and predecessors of thejob subject to the SLA.

As shown in FIG. 4, system 400 includes: analyzer block 402;configurator block 404; physical and logical resources network 406; andplan table 408. Some embodiments are based on analyzer block 402outlining the job (see plan table 408) requiring a different level ofresources to complete the plan and configurator block 404 that will beinstead in charge to re-define the overall resources to react to anyrequest from analyzer block 402. It is noted that components 402, 404and 406: (i) may be located on the same physical and/or virtual machine;or (ii) may be distributed amongst multiple physical and/or virtualmachines.

Analyzer block 402 is machine logic that monitors the plan (which itreceives from plan table 408). For each job, the analyzer block will:(i) estimate the job duration; and (ii) use estimated job duration toforecast (according to a “what-if analysis”) the impact of any real timechange in the resources utilization (memory peaks or CPU peaks or anyproperty likely to affect the plan). Consider an example where: (i) aspecific job, JOB1, is scheduled to be run on a dynamic group, GROUP1,at time TIME1; and (ii) JOB2 is scheduled to run on GROUP2 at timeTIME2. In this example, the real time data provide a forecasting (byanalyzer block 402) not compliant to the SLA (see plan table 408), so areconfiguration request is initiated toward configurator block 404.Configurator block 404 includes machine logic to dynamically redesignthe plan to address the issue identified by the analyzer block.

In various embodiments of the present invention, there are differentways that configurator block can change the planned work flow so thatthe work flow meets applicable requirements. One simple example of thisis when configurator block 404 determines that a simple change in asequence between a critical and a not-critical job can address theissue. According to a more complex example, the solution cannot beachieved leveraging the current configuration. So, for example, if JOB1,having specific constraints on the pool destination, needs to beconsidered with respect to its potential impact on JOB2, but this changewould affect the plan critical path, then an alternative solution isrequired. Another system to run JOB1 or JOB2 must be identified outsidethe planned “static” destination GROUP1 or GROUP2. In this example, theconfigurator block will introspect the JOB properties and will considerpossible solutions such as the following: (i) shorten the duration usinga more powerful system; and/or (ii) move one of the jobs to a differenttime so as not to interfere with other job. This identification mayresult in GROUP1 being redefined as GROUP1.1. GROUP 1.1 then acts astemporary pool to address the job criticality.

In a more complex embodiment, the algorithm must consider also all thesuccessors of the non-critical job in order to understand if delayingthe execution of a non-critical job causes jeopardy to one, or more,critical jobs that are in the successor chain of the non-critical job.

An algorithm according to the present invention can be generalized for adifferent “independent” plan that could run on the entire system. Forinstance, consider a “cloud” system provisioning provider that wants tobalance and optimize the resource utilization of the system to earn asmuch as possible. For that reason, several resources of the system canbe shared between different jobs that come from independent plans. Inthat case, the analyzer block could make the analysis on this differentplan, also providing information about idle times of the system.Therefore, a forecast for the resources utilization is introduced. Theforecast will be done for CPU, memory, network and I/O, and is based onhistorical statistics from the resources, taking into consideration notonly jobs that the system manages but also jobs external to the system.

The configurator block (with the usual jobs/plans introspection) couldalso decide to decrease the “SLA” requirements of a JOB since it willnot affect its duration. This may be done in order to free up resourcesfor a “most critical job” that needs more resources to be compliant thereasons (generally SLA requirements) for its criticality. Furthermore,the new resources to provide to most critical jobs can be obtained“re-using” the idle time of other plans.

The logical flow of one process according to the present invention is asfollows: (i) a plan (see plan table 408) is defined containing multiplejobs whose destination is a physical machine or a logical group ofmachines (see resources network 406); (iii) a change in the system(s)utilization occurs; (iv) the machine logic of analyzer block 402determines that this change made in the previous operation will likelycause delay of a critical job and/or negative consequence(s) withrespect to an operative SLA; (v) configurator block 404, based on theinput from analyzer block 402, determines an appropriate modification tothe logical pool definition to address the issue (this is sometimesreferred to as the “profiled pan configuration”); (vi) once the criticaljob issue is resolved, based on the profiled plan configuration, thenthe original definition of pools is restored.

In this embodiment of work manager system 400, the entire plan of plantable 408 is divided into several predetermined time intervals, with agranularity that is suited to typical job running time. At the beginningof every interval, the analyzer block determines the jobs that areprovisionally scheduled to run on the next time slot. This provisionalscheduling will take care of the scheduled start-times, thedependencies, and the collected statistics of the job types of theprovisionally scheduled jobs (for example, duration, resourceutilization). The “collected statistics” generally include informationabout the time and resources taken to run jobs of a given job type inthe past. This historical information is shown in a history data store(not shown in FIG. 4) located in the analyzer block. The analyzer blockalso takes care of the forecasts for resource utilization and of theselection of a job for the next slot since it knows the jobs that willrun and their statistics. In order to estimate duration and resourceutilization, the analyzer block calculates forecasts for these valuesusing a fast Fourier transform algorithm.

If a given job is subject to an SLA, or can affect directly the SLAcompliance status of a later job, then the analyzer block will put thatgiven job on a “PINK” list with the value (percentage) of delay that canbe obtained for the given job without affecting any SLA.

For a given job that will run on the next time slot, analyzer block 402checks for any SLA(s) applicable to the given job, and the SLArequirements of later jobs. If all applicable SLA requirements arelikely to be satisfied by running the given job in the next time slot,then the given job is added to a “WHITE” list.

If instead the given job's SLA(s) will likely be satisfied, but an SLArequirement for a later job will not be satisfied due to the running ofthe given job according to the provisional schedule, then the analyzerblock will determine whether the delay of the later job (that is, thedelay caused by the given job) can be decreased such that the SLArequirements for the later job can be met after all. If so, the analyzerblock puts onto a “YELLOW” list the following: (i); the later job; (ii)the given job; and (iii) a value (percentage) of the delay that can bedecreased. The analysis will take care also of all the other jobs thatpresumably will run on the next time slot and affect also the SLA of thesame later job (sometimes referred to herein as a “successor”).

Finally, if a given job's SLA will not be satisfied under theprovisional scheduling, then the analyzer block will put the given jobon a “RED” list.

The two operations of a two operation algorithm performed byconfigurator block 404 will be respectively discussed in the followingtwo paragraphs.

The first operation is checking for a postponement of a job. If thereare jobs in the RED list, the configurator block creates a list of jobsthat can interfere. Starting from this latest set of “interference”JOBS, the configurator block determines whether postponement of that JOBcan solve the SLA issue. The analysis is done starting from the JOBS inthe WHITE list having a relatively large percentage of possible delay(before going out of conformance with the WHITE-list job's SLArequirement(s)). If the configurator block is able to find a WHITE jobthat can be postponed without affecting its SLA, it will schedule itsubsequently of the RED-list job, and so on with the other WHITE-listjobs until the SLA requirements of the RED-list jobs are satisfied.

If, after the analysis of WHITE jobs, it's still not able to satisfy theSLA of RED job, if will look against the “interference” jobs that arepresent on the yellow list (with higher percentage of delay). Based uponthe previous algorithm, it will understand if it's possible to postponea yellow job and not compromise the SLA. If such yellow job is found, itwill be postponed. If after the analysis of YELLOW-list jobs, theconfigurator block is still not able to satisfy the SLA of the RED-listjob, then the configurator block will pass to the second operation ofthe algorithm, specifically the check for modify logical groupdefinition of the resources that will run a job, as will be described indetail in the following paragraph.

In the second operation, the configurator block checks for modificationsto the logical group definition. This time it will start from the“interference” JOB, which is also referred to as the RED-list job. Theconfigurator block uses a “what if analysis” to determine if outcomeswill be better by modifying the existing logical group of resources orto schedule one job on another logical group. The analysis has theobjective to satisfy the SLA of both jobs. If that analysis will notproduce a result, then this second operation of the configurator blockalgorithm will take in consideration the YELLOW-list job(s) and then theWHITE-list jobs. A different analysis can be performed, starting insteadfrom JOBS (independently on the list) that need fewer resources. In thatcase, the configurator block redefines the logical group or schedulesthe job on another logical group with the minimal impact.

The lists (RED, YELLOW, WHITE) will be updated after every action takenon the schedule or resource allocation as the consequences of the abovetwo operations of the configurator block algorithm. After the two abovesteps, the configuration block analyzes YELLOW-list jobs (starting fromthe one with lowest delay), in order to (if possible) increase the SLAsatisfaction of the successors. The analysis will not take care ofRED-list jobs. Therefore, the same two above operations of theconfigurator block algorithm will be performed against WHITE-list andYELLOW-list “interference” job(s).

Some embodiments of the present invention: (i) classify jobs incategories (for example, RED, WHITE, YELLOW, etc.), according to therisk of missing their respective SLAs; and (ii) prioritize the order ofsubmission of the jobs to comply with the SLA. In this way, theseembodiments provide a dynamic re-allocation of the pool of resourcesthat will execute the job. This dynamic allocation will temporaryreplace the logical pool definition to remove, or at least delay, theSLA violation.

As shown in FIG. 5, provisional scheduling timing diagram 500 providesan example of the method described in the previous paragraph. In diagram500, job A3 (having an SLA deadline of T1) is in the RED list, while jobB3 (having an SLA deadline of T3 is in the WHITE list). This is becauseJob A3 is provisionally scheduled in a manner that violates itsapplicable SLA, while job B3 is provisionally scheduled to comply withits respectively applicable SLA. As shown by arrows in diagram 500, jobsA3 and B3 are respectively, provisionally assigned to two differentpools (as used herein, a pool is a predefined set of computationalresources). This prospective SLA non-compliance will be resolved asexplained in the following paragraph.

As shown in FIG. 6, timing diagram 600 shows that just before job A3starts, pool Z dynamically re-allocates some of its resources to pool Y.More specifically, this re-allocation of resources is shown by arrow602. Because job A3 is performed by pool Y, this re-allocation ofresources allows job A3 to be completed prior to its T1 deadline. Also,in this example, because pool Z is not being used by any jobs during thetime interval that job A3 is performed by pool Y, it is especially clearthat this re-allocation will not be problematic for any pool Z jobs. Bythe time job B3 starts, and it should be kept in mind that job B3 is apool Z job, the “borrowed” resources of pool Z have been “returned” frompool Y to pool Z, as indicated by arrow 604. In this SLAs associatedwith both jobs A3 and B3 are met.

To go into the analysis of the previous paragraph in a bit more detail,for job B3 and its SLA-imposed deadline of T3, three scenarios couldoccur: (i) the T3 deadline for job B3 is satisfied simply returning there-allocated resources from pool Y back to pool Z; (ii) the T3 deadlinefor job B3 will only be satisfied if pool Y returns the re-allocatedresources and also lends pool Z additional resources above and beyondthe ones that had been borrowed during the performance of job A3; or(iii) the A3 SLA is satisfied and the impact of violation is moved tothe B3 SLA giving the administrator more time to react (despite of thefact pool Y is not able to lend sufficient resources to pool Z such thatthe T3 deadline for job B3 can be met). This approach can be iterated tomultiple jobs, multiple pools and also according to a differentembodiment to different plans that could have different not dependantSLAs.

Some embodiments provide complete independent plan(s) management andSLA(s) compliance. Independent plan means that the system is able tomanage jobs and resources with a plan, but also within several plans,since several jobs belonging to different plans could run on the samemachine.

IV. Definitions

Present invention: should not be taken as an absolute indication thatthe subject matter described by the term “present invention” is coveredby either the claims as they are filed, or by the claims that mayeventually issue after patent prosecution; while the term “presentinvention” is used to help the reader to get a general feel for whichdisclosures herein are believed to potentially be new, thisunderstanding, as indicated by use of the term “present invention,” istentative and provisional and subject to change over the course ofpatent prosecution as relevant information is developed and as theclaims are potentially amended.

Embodiment: see definition of “present invention” above—similar cautionsapply to the term “embodiment.”

and/or: inclusive or; for example, A, B “and/or” C means that at leastone of A or B or C is true and applicable.

Module/Sub-Module: any set of hardware, firmware and/or software thatoperatively works to do some kind of function, without regard to whetherthe module is: (i) in a single local proximity; (ii) distributed over awide area; (iii) in a single proximity within a larger piece of softwarecode; (iv) located within a single piece of software code; (v) locatedin a single storage device, memory or medium; (vi) mechanicallyconnected; (vii) electrically connected; and/or (viii) connected in datacommunication.

Computer: any device with significant data processing and/or machinereadable instruction reading capabilities including, but not limited to:desktop computers, mainframe computers, laptop computers,field-programmable gate array (FPGA) based devices, smart phones,personal digital assistants (PDAs), body-mounted or inserted computers,embedded device style computers, application-specific integrated circuit(ASIC) based devices.

What is claimed is: 1-7. (canceled)
 8. A computer program productcomprising a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon:first program instructions programmed to define a plurality of resourcepools including a first resource pool and a second resource pool, whereeach resource pool in the plurality of resource pools has a plurality ofassigned resources; second program instructions programmed to receive aplurality of jobs to be executed; third program instructions programmedto for each job of the plurality of jobs, assign a respective resourcepool, of the plurality of resource pools, to be used in completing thejob; fourth program instructions programmed to determine a preliminaryschedule for executing the jobs on their respective resource pools;fifth program instructions programmed to determine whether thepreliminary schedule is to cause any jobs to miss service levelagreement (SLA) deadlines corresponding to the job; sixth programinstructions programmed to execute the plurality of jobs on theirrespectively assigned resource pools; and seventh program instructionsprogrammed to on condition that a first job, of the plurality of jobsand assigned to the first resource pool, is to miss an associated SLAdeadline under the preliminary schedule, re-assign a first resource fromthe second resource pool to the first resource pool during at least someof a time of an execution of the first job by the first resource pool.9. The product of claim 8, wherein the medium has further storedthereon: eighth program instructions programmed to, after the executionof the first job by the first resource pool, re-assign the firstresource back to the second resource pool.
 10. (canceled)
 11. Theproduct of claim 8, wherein the determination of the preliminaryschedule is based, at least in part, upon processing resources availablein the plurality of resource pools, input/output (I/O) resourcesavailable in the plurality of resource pools, memory resources availablein the plurality of resource pools, and network usage.
 12. The productof claim 8, wherein the medium has further stored thereon: eighthprogram instructions programmed to, for each job of the plurality ofjobs, classify the job as critical or non-critical; and wherein: thefourth program instructions are further programmed to determine thepreliminary schedule based, at least in part, upon respectiveclassifications, as critical or non-critical of the plurality of jobs.13. The product of claim 8, wherein the determination of the preliminaryschedule is performed by an analyzer component.
 14. The product of claim8, wherein the re-assignment of the first resource to the first resourcepool is performed by a configurator component.
 15. A computer systemcomprising: a processor(s) set; and a computer readable storage medium;wherein: the processor set is structured, located, connected and/orprogrammed to run program instructions stored on the computer readablestorage medium; and the program instructions include: first programinstructions programmed to define a plurality of resource poolsincluding a first resource pool and a second resource pool, where eachresource pool in the plurality of resource pools has a plurality ofassigned resources, second program instructions programmed to receive aplurality of jobs to be executed, third program instructions programmedto for each job of the plurality of jobs, assign a respective resourcepool, of the plurality of resource pools, to be used in completing thejob, fourth program instructions programmed to determine a preliminaryschedule for executing the jobs on their respective resource pools,fifth program instructions programmed to determine whether thepreliminary schedule is to cause any jobs to miss service levelagreement (SLA) deadlines corresponding to the job, sixth programinstructions programmed to execute the plurality of jobs on theirrespectively assigned resource pools, and seventh program instructionsprogrammed to on condition that a first job, of the plurality of jobsand assigned to the first resource pool, is to miss an associated SLAdeadline under the preliminary schedule, re-assign a first resource fromthe second resource pool to the first resource pool during at least someof a time of an execution of the first job by the first resource pool.16. The system of claim 15, wherein the medium has further storedthereon: eighth program instructions programmed to, after the executionof the first job by the first resource pool, re-assign the firstresource back to the second resource pool.
 17. (canceled)
 18. The systemof claim 15, wherein the determination of the preliminary schedule isbased, at least in part, upon processing resources available in theplurality of resource pools, input/output (I/O) resources available inthe plurality of resource pools, memory resources available in theplurality of resource pools, and network usage.
 19. The system of claim15, wherein the medium has further stored thereon: eighth programinstructions programmed to, for each job of the plurality of jobs,classify the job as critical or non-critical; and wherein: the fourthprogram instructions are further programmed to determine the preliminaryschedule based, at least in part, upon respective classifications, ascritical or non-critical of the plurality of jobs.
 20. The system ofclaim 15, wherein the determination of the preliminary schedule isperformed by an analyzer component.
 21. The system of claim 15, whereinthe re-assignment of the first resource to the first resource pool isperformed by a configurator component.